Try looking at his actual books for his collage course sixth and seventh edition on the specific subject CO2 the missing ingredient
That out a shut u up
Carbon dioxide is an often-overlooked aspect of indoor gardening. It has been a hot topic as of late, and while plants can survive without it, even slight elevations of CO2 can greatly benefit a garden and lead to a higher sugar content in crops and greener plants.
There are many questions surrounding carbon dioxide’s effectiveness on improving plant health and increasing yields. I want to take a look at some of those questions and try to clarify a few things.
First and foremost, it is important to start a CO2 discussion with the most important biological function of a plant—photosynthesis. Without this chemical process, plants are unable to provide food for themselves. Many gardeners believe nutrients provide all the food a plant needs to develop. The truth is nutrients are not consumed as food. Nutrients contain minerals the plant uses in conjunction with light and CO2 during photosynthesis to produce the complex sugars it needs for energy and growth.
Leaves provide plants with food as they turn sunlight into food energy. Chlorophyll makes this energy transformation possible. Leaves also make the oxygen in the air that we breathe. Chlorophyll, a pigment found in the cells of leaves, is formed only in the presence of light and is what makes plants green. It is contained in the chloroplasts and has the ability to capture light energy. Sunlight shines through the top of the leaf and reaches the next layer of cells. The light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts, where a process that uses water changes the light energy into a kind of chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the chloroplasts and is used to make food.
Air enters the leaf through the stomata and moves into tiny spaces around the food-making cells in the leaf. CO2 from the air passes through the walls and membranes of the cells. CO2 enters the chloroplasts where the previously stored chemical energy converts the CO2 into sugar. Tubes in the plant carry the sugar from the leaf cells to other parts of the plant, such as roots, stems and flowers. Cells in these parts of the plant store some of that sugar.
Does CO2 help with clones and rooting?
An often-overlooked and under-studied aspect of plant responses to CO2 is the below-ground processes. When exposed to increased CO2, roots become more numerous, longer, thicker and faster growing in many plant species. When cloning plants, root growth appears 3-5 days sooner with CO2 enrichment versus without. Although some things are known about root response to enrichment, much remains to be learned. Nevertheless, it is clear that plant roots, like other parts of the plant, typically do better in enriched air versus ambient air.
What does light have to do with CO2?
Photosynthesis has two parts: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent ones. The light-dependent part is the use of light to steal electrons from water. This process produces oxygen. The light-independent part is carbon fixation. Plants produce CO2 during respiration when they break down sugars, just as humans do. They do this day and night, but during photosynthesis they tend to take more out of the air than they put in. They reduce CO2 output during the carbon fixation steps of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. Both processes go on all of time, except carbon fixation tends to be more active during the day. Plants only release oxygen during the day since they require light to do it.
Does CO2 improve yields, or just make for healthier plants?
The answer is both. The goal of CO2 enrichment is to reduce the time from seedling to harvest and to speed up growth and increase yields. Plants grown with elevated CO2 levels are better able to resist insects and diseases, which makes for healthier plants. In a recent study, lettuce grown in a greenhouse with ambient air was compared with lettuce grown in a greenhouse with enrichment. The test showed the lettuce grown in the greenhouse with ambient air was ready to harvest in 59 days. In the greenhouse with CO2 enrichment, the lettuce was harvested in 48 days. By weight, the CO2-enriched greenhouse lettuce weighed 30% more. In studies at our farm, we have found supplying tomato plants with elevated CO2 produces 20% more tomatoes than plants that do not receive the elevated levels. By harvestable weight, the plants receiving more CO2 out-produced those without by 25%. In another test, strawberries grown with elevated levels of CO2 contained more sugars and physical mass to support a greater number of flowering sites.
Can you ever have too much CO2?
Too much CO2 can be detrimental for plants. When levels get too high, the plant’s ability to perform transpiration during photosynthesis is reduced. With lower transpiration rates, fewer nutrients are drawn through the plant, so less food enters the plant and growth slows down. High levels can cause necrosis spots to appear on leaves. These dead tissue spots are an invitation for bacteria and mold to appear and cause even more plant damage. CO2 levels in the 1,200-1,500-ppm range are ideal, depending on what you’re growing. With levels above this, you are only wasting CO2 and potentially asking for trouble.
When beginning CO2 enrichment in a garden, the first thing you will notice is a greener garden. This is proof your garden is benefiting from the CO2 you are providing. Greener plants mean more chlorophyll is present in the leaves and more photosynthesis is taking place. There are many ways to set up CO2 enrichment. Do some research to find the best option for you.
Then after that maybe you should read this chapter i have laid out here for you as well since u clearly have no understanding of nutrients or their uptake and roll in a plants life go back to school and quit trolling little boy
