Scientific Basis for Light Duration Effects on Flowering Cannabis
1. Photoperiodism and Phytochrome Response
Cannabis is a short-day plant, meaning it flowers when the dark period is long enough. The phytochrome system (red/far-red light receptors) controls this response.
Studies show that shortening the light period accelerates flowering and senescence in short-day plants, including cannabis. (Miyamoto et al., 2012; Adams et al., 2021).
A plant exposed to 10 hours of light will experience a stronger "end-of-life" signal than one with 12 hours, triggering faster completion of flowering.
2. Cannabinoid & Terpene Production Under Different Light Cycles
Studies on cannabis light manipulation (Lyu et al., 2019) suggest that more light hours generally increase cannabinoid production up to a point, but stress from shorter cycles may increase terpenoid accumulation due to a protective response.
A 2021 study (MartĂnez et al.) found that trichome development is heavily influenced by light exposure, with shorter days accelerating ripening but sometimes reducing total cannabinoid yield.
3. Yield and Bud Density
12 hours of light = more photosynthesis = more biomass. Cannabis plants in longer photoperiods (up to 14-18 hours in vegetative stage) show increased growth and yield (Chandra et al., 2008).
Shorter light exposure (10h) limits daily energy intake, so while maturation speeds up, total yield may be lower.
4. Harvest Timing & Trichome Development
Studies show that trichome maturation (amber vs. cloudy ratio) accelerates under shorter days (Potter & Duncombe, 2012).
This means your 10-hour plant will likely have more amber trichomes at the same calendar time as the 12-hour plant, which may still have more clear/milky ones.