Theres alot that coulda happened but with that lighting and not seeing the whole plant we cant truely appreciate how abnormal it may look the way you do.. but im gonna take your word for it being soo small you felt the need to ask.. soo..
Heres mine which I feel is rather normal for its age tbh.. I am at about day 40 since 12/12.. soo use it as reference below..
Ok soo.. first and foremost.. how many times did you top your plants.. did you top more than a few times... or not give the plant time to recover before switching to 12/12? Either of these could cause slow starting or stunted colas.
The temps MAY have played an issue.. but im in New Jersey with no heater being used in grow room (just my rooms natural temp + my 2000w aglex (abt 450w draw) lights heat) and it hasnt done much but turn a few leaves purple, dropping below 60 too..
Obviously what lighting system is it..? If there is not enough red light .. the plants are too far away.. anything that is making the plant come up short on photosynthesis .. may be a bud issue..
The strain.. and plants overall genes may play a role as well. If its just a runt it can be gangly and have tons of small buds as opposed to a cola..( i actually have a runt rn I tried fixing by removing all the gangly branches..)
And then.. theres overwatering, poor drainage, a nutrient problem, .. something going on in the soil that is holding you back..
some nutrient deficiencies such as boron can cause small buds..
And mediocre overwatering can do it as well (believe may have played role in my runt)..
Its tough to grow lol.. soo many things can lead to the same end result .. its a guessing game most of the time lol..
Regular plant in pic 1 and 2. my runt pic 3 such a massive bud size difference lol