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Isomerisation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In chemistry isomerisation is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers [1]). In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerisation occurs spontaneously. Many isomers are equal or roughly equal in bond energy, and so exist in roughly equal amounts, provided that they can interconvert relatively freely, that is the energy barrier between the two isomers is not too high. When the isomerisation occurs intramolecularly it is considered a rearrangement reaction.:
Author D. Gold explains in his book, that this process of Isomerizing rotates the molecules into their most pharmacologically active form, the delta-9 isomer of THC.
What it does for us is rearrange the cbn molecules into THC molecules increasing potency and refining the concentrate. In the final step of the refining process an acid is used to perform the actual molecule rotation (isomerization).
Cannabis Alchemy by D. Gold scanned for online research:
High Res Scan Version in Adobe PDF:
Per Cannabis Alchemy:
Cannabidiol
|
| Heat and
| H+ (from the acid)
|
\ /
Delta-9 THC (using formal numbering)
Delta-1 THC (using monoterpenoid numbering)
|
| Heat and
| H+ (from a stronger acid acting longer)
|
\ /
Delta-6 THC (aka Delta-8 THC -- depends on the numbering system used)
This Delta-6 THC is a higher-rotating form of tetrahydrocannabinol. D. Gold (author of Cannabis Alchemy) suggests that the higher-rotating forms "are more potent than the low-rotating and produce a higher, more psychedelic and spritual effect." He notes a study done by Mechoulan (1970) which showed little difference between the pharmacological effects of Delta-9 and Delta-6.
The "rotating" spoken of here refers to the relative positions of the double bonding in the THC molecule.
The first reaction, Cannabidiol --> Delta-9 THC, is, I think, what is generally referred to as isomerization. This can occur in an absolute ethanol solution with .05% HCL boiled for 2 hours (the "hash" oil is in solution in the ethanol, obviously). The increase in potency you'll get depends on the relative amounts of Cannabidiol and THC in the original oil. If there were 1 part THC and 1 part Cannabidiol, then you might expect a doubling of potency after isomerization.
The second reaction, Delta-1/9 --> Delta-6/8, is an additional step to get the allegedly more potent higher-rotating form of THC. It requires more vigorous conditions. D. Gold notes that in a toluene solution with -toluenesulfonic acid for 10 hours at 100 degrees C there is a 90% conversion rate of Delta-1 to Delta-6 (the THC/hash oil is in
solution in the toluene).
Gold also gives a discussion about producing THC acetate, which he says has *twice* the potency of regular THC.
Note:
The latest findings are from Leo Hollister in the book Hashish! by Robert Connell Clarke.
It states that delta-6THC is 75% the potency of delta-1THC. So Isomerizing at a higher ph at a mild temperature for a short time yields the best quality oil.
I'm all for making a better quality oil :)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Sources:
Mein google
Cannabis_Alchemy_(CA) by D. Gold,
Marijuana_Chemistry_(MC), by Starks,
Dr. Atomic's Marijuana Multiplier
Mikes and Waser, Science (172), 1158-1159, June 11, 1971 (see references in footnote 8).
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (v60, n10), 1433-1457, Ocotober, 1971 (see esp p1440).
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In chemistry isomerisation is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers [1]). In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerisation occurs spontaneously. Many isomers are equal or roughly equal in bond energy, and so exist in roughly equal amounts, provided that they can interconvert relatively freely, that is the energy barrier between the two isomers is not too high. When the isomerisation occurs intramolecularly it is considered a rearrangement reaction.:
Author D. Gold explains in his book, that this process of Isomerizing rotates the molecules into their most pharmacologically active form, the delta-9 isomer of THC.
What it does for us is rearrange the cbn molecules into THC molecules increasing potency and refining the concentrate. In the final step of the refining process an acid is used to perform the actual molecule rotation (isomerization).
Cannabis Alchemy by D. Gold scanned for online research:
High Res Scan Version in Adobe PDF:
Per Cannabis Alchemy:
Cannabidiol
|
| Heat and
| H+ (from the acid)
|
\ /
Delta-9 THC (using formal numbering)
Delta-1 THC (using monoterpenoid numbering)
|
| Heat and
| H+ (from a stronger acid acting longer)
|
\ /
Delta-6 THC (aka Delta-8 THC -- depends on the numbering system used)
This Delta-6 THC is a higher-rotating form of tetrahydrocannabinol. D. Gold (author of Cannabis Alchemy) suggests that the higher-rotating forms "are more potent than the low-rotating and produce a higher, more psychedelic and spritual effect." He notes a study done by Mechoulan (1970) which showed little difference between the pharmacological effects of Delta-9 and Delta-6.
The "rotating" spoken of here refers to the relative positions of the double bonding in the THC molecule.
The first reaction, Cannabidiol --> Delta-9 THC, is, I think, what is generally referred to as isomerization. This can occur in an absolute ethanol solution with .05% HCL boiled for 2 hours (the "hash" oil is in solution in the ethanol, obviously). The increase in potency you'll get depends on the relative amounts of Cannabidiol and THC in the original oil. If there were 1 part THC and 1 part Cannabidiol, then you might expect a doubling of potency after isomerization.
The second reaction, Delta-1/9 --> Delta-6/8, is an additional step to get the allegedly more potent higher-rotating form of THC. It requires more vigorous conditions. D. Gold notes that in a toluene solution with -toluenesulfonic acid for 10 hours at 100 degrees C there is a 90% conversion rate of Delta-1 to Delta-6 (the THC/hash oil is in
solution in the toluene).
Gold also gives a discussion about producing THC acetate, which he says has *twice* the potency of regular THC.
Note:
The latest findings are from Leo Hollister in the book Hashish! by Robert Connell Clarke.
It states that delta-6THC is 75% the potency of delta-1THC. So Isomerizing at a higher ph at a mild temperature for a short time yields the best quality oil.
I'm all for making a better quality oil :)
-----------------------------------------------------------
Sources:
Mein google
Cannabis_Alchemy_(CA) by D. Gold,
Marijuana_Chemistry_(MC), by Starks,
Dr. Atomic's Marijuana Multiplier
Mikes and Waser, Science (172), 1158-1159, June 11, 1971 (see references in footnote 8).
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (v60, n10), 1433-1457, Ocotober, 1971 (see esp p1440).
