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http://www.woyano.com/view/1953/ordering-and-naming-taxonomy-Phylogeny-of-Cannabis
by arooka
The ordering and naming (taxonomy/ Phylogeny) of Cannabis has never been completely done. Roman research placed the genus “Cannabis” within the Order of mulberry (Moraceae) and the nettle (Urticaceae). Which are in the class Dicots (Dicotyledoneae), which is included in the Subdivision of the flowering plants, known as Angiospermae. Currently, the consensus is that the plant belongs in a separate Order, the “Cannabaccae” which includes the Hops or Humulus. There are no concepts within the “Cannabis” genus of how many different species should be recognized, as distinct. “Cannabis” lineage has not been possible to trace after thousands of years of human-assisted growth. It is interesting to note, that most research speaks of all species within “Cannabis” as one single species. This species is known as Cannabis Sativa L.
Cannabis in Latin is in fact, Kannabis (Cultivated). L represents the author of the name, Linnaeus. Under the Grow Guide section of James Bong's Ultimate Spyguide to Marijuana, you will get a taste of the real world separate species of cannabis
Cannabis is unique in many ways. Of all plants, it is the only genus known to produce chemical substances known as cannabinoids. The cannabinoids are the psychoactive ingredients of marijuana; they are what get you high. Hemp is known to contain more than 460 known compounds, of which more than 60 have the 21-carbon structure typical of cannabinoids. The only cannabinoid that is both highly psychoactive and present in large amounts is tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as delta-1-THC, delta- 9-THC, or simply THC. Most of the other cannabinoids appear in very small amounts (less than .01 percent of total cannabinoids) and are not considered psychoactive, or else less important to the high. Many are simply homologues or analogues (similar structure or function) to the few major cannabinoids which are listed.
1. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol – Possibly the main psychotropic ingredient of hemp. It is present in most species, and ranges from trace amounts to higher concentrations of nearly 95% of all the cannabinoids.
Common Names: Ganja; Cannabis resin; Hashish;Common Scientific Names/Synonyms: THC; THC-delta-9; Tetrahydro-6,6,9 trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; 1-trans-D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol,6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-, (6aR-trans)-; delta-9-THC; Deltanyne; delta-THC; 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; 1-trans-delta(sup 9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; 3-pentyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; L-delta(sup 1)-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 1)-thc; delta(sup 9)-thc; abbott 40566; SP 104; 9-delta-Tetrahydrocannabinol; trans-tetrahydrocannabinol; trans-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 6H-Dibenzo. Synthetic forms: Dronabinol; Marinol.Formulas: C12H30O2 Physical Chemical Data Molecular Weight: 314.4668Boiling Point (Deg C’): 200 C @ 0.02 mm Hg Solubilities:
* Water: 2.8 mg/mL @ 23 C
* DMSO: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* 95% Ethanol: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* Acetone: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* Fixed Oil: Soluble
* Ether: Soluble
Volatility:
* Flammability Flash Point: Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is combustible. Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
* Vapor pressure: Not available
* Vapor density: Not available
Stability:
* Very sensitive to light and high temperatures. It should be protected from air and stored in a dark cool place, preferably a sealed light-proof container.
Selected Medical Research DataCarcinogenicity Tumorigenic Data: -TDLo: 800 ug/kg/W-I -TD: 800 ug/kg/W-I
2. Delta-8 THC - It is considered to be less psychotropic, it is present in less than one percent of the delta-9. It has been shown that Delta-8 works to relieve nausea.
3. Cannabidiol – CBD: CBD and Delta-9 are the most common naturally occurring cannabinoids, CBD is considered to be not psychotropic in its pure form, though can have sedative, analgesic (pain relief), and antibiotical properties. CBD can be present in 0-95% of total cannabinoids present, though when in slightly equal partitions to Delta-9, a pleasant high can be produced.
Chemical Name: 2-((1S,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohex-2-enyl)-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
Chemical Formula: C21H30O2
Molecular Mass: 314.46 g/mol
Melting Point: 66 – 67’C
4. Cannabinol – CBN. When THC oxidizes it produces CBN. Improperly stored THC will over time oxidize and become CBN. CBN is said to have 90% less phychoactivity compared to that of THC, though even so it is said to be a component of non-defined aspects of the high, and thus should not be referred as a waste byproduct of THC degradation.
Chemical Name: 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Chemical Formula: C21H26O2
Molecular mass: 310.43 g/mol
Melting Point: 76 - 77 ‘C
Boiling Point: 185 ‘C
5. Tetrahydrocannabivarin – THCV/THV; Considered to be highly psychotropic, it is found only in minor amounts in most species, however higher concentrations are reported in species considered to be highly potent. THV is part of the propyl cannabinoids group. THV is used as a marker compound when attempting to differentiate between the consumption of hemp and synthetic THC in urine-based drug tests.
Chemical Name: (6aS,10aS)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3 propyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Chemical Formula: C19H26O2
Molecular Mass: 286.41 g/mol
6. Cannabichromene – CB.C.; Previous studies have referred to CBD as being CB.C., due to limited understanding of the different cannabinoids. CB.C. shows up in low concentrations, and is not considered to be psychotropic in humans, but has been linked to adding to the high-effect. CB.C. will degrade when exposed to light, to CBL.
A complete list of cannabinoids is not at the present time possible, due to the limitations of access to data-reference sheets in reference to cannabinoids. Perhaps, in upcoming volumes of this book, a more complete list will be able to be generated.
It is easy to consider hemp as one of the earliest and most important cultivated plants for all human civilizations. Essentially every part of the plant is useable. From the stem, a very long, strong fiber used to make rope, cloth, and paper. The dried leaves, flowers and roots can be used for medical purposes or for rituals. Even the seeds can be used for food, and the oil extracted from the seeds can be used to make paint, varnish, fuel, and lubrication. Prized and Feared, Hemp is a component of our society, just as it was to civilizations of the past.
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Does anyone have more information about Tetrahydrocannabivarin? Is there a way to possibly test which strains have a higher THV content, if any at all?
by arooka
The ordering and naming (taxonomy/ Phylogeny) of Cannabis has never been completely done. Roman research placed the genus “Cannabis” within the Order of mulberry (Moraceae) and the nettle (Urticaceae). Which are in the class Dicots (Dicotyledoneae), which is included in the Subdivision of the flowering plants, known as Angiospermae. Currently, the consensus is that the plant belongs in a separate Order, the “Cannabaccae” which includes the Hops or Humulus. There are no concepts within the “Cannabis” genus of how many different species should be recognized, as distinct. “Cannabis” lineage has not been possible to trace after thousands of years of human-assisted growth. It is interesting to note, that most research speaks of all species within “Cannabis” as one single species. This species is known as Cannabis Sativa L.
Cannabis in Latin is in fact, Kannabis (Cultivated). L represents the author of the name, Linnaeus. Under the Grow Guide section of James Bong's Ultimate Spyguide to Marijuana, you will get a taste of the real world separate species of cannabis
Cannabis is unique in many ways. Of all plants, it is the only genus known to produce chemical substances known as cannabinoids. The cannabinoids are the psychoactive ingredients of marijuana; they are what get you high. Hemp is known to contain more than 460 known compounds, of which more than 60 have the 21-carbon structure typical of cannabinoids. The only cannabinoid that is both highly psychoactive and present in large amounts is tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as delta-1-THC, delta- 9-THC, or simply THC. Most of the other cannabinoids appear in very small amounts (less than .01 percent of total cannabinoids) and are not considered psychoactive, or else less important to the high. Many are simply homologues or analogues (similar structure or function) to the few major cannabinoids which are listed.
1. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol – Possibly the main psychotropic ingredient of hemp. It is present in most species, and ranges from trace amounts to higher concentrations of nearly 95% of all the cannabinoids.
Common Names: Ganja; Cannabis resin; Hashish;Common Scientific Names/Synonyms: THC; THC-delta-9; Tetrahydro-6,6,9 trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; 1-trans-D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol,6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-, (6aR-trans)-; delta-9-THC; Deltanyne; delta-THC; 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; 1-trans-delta(sup 9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; 3-pentyl-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-1-ol; L-delta(sup 1)-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 9)-tetrahydrocannabinol; delta(sup 1)-thc; delta(sup 9)-thc; abbott 40566; SP 104; 9-delta-Tetrahydrocannabinol; trans-tetrahydrocannabinol; trans-delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol; 6H-Dibenzo. Synthetic forms: Dronabinol; Marinol.Formulas: C12H30O2 Physical Chemical Data Molecular Weight: 314.4668Boiling Point (Deg C’): 200 C @ 0.02 mm Hg Solubilities:
* Water: 2.8 mg/mL @ 23 C
* DMSO: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* 95% Ethanol: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* Acetone: >=10 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
* Fixed Oil: Soluble
* Ether: Soluble
Volatility:
* Flammability Flash Point: Flash point data for this chemical are not available; however, it is combustible. Fires involving this compound should be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
* Vapor pressure: Not available
* Vapor density: Not available
Stability:
* Very sensitive to light and high temperatures. It should be protected from air and stored in a dark cool place, preferably a sealed light-proof container.
Selected Medical Research DataCarcinogenicity Tumorigenic Data: -TDLo: 800 ug/kg/W-I -TD: 800 ug/kg/W-I
2. Delta-8 THC - It is considered to be less psychotropic, it is present in less than one percent of the delta-9. It has been shown that Delta-8 works to relieve nausea.
3. Cannabidiol – CBD: CBD and Delta-9 are the most common naturally occurring cannabinoids, CBD is considered to be not psychotropic in its pure form, though can have sedative, analgesic (pain relief), and antibiotical properties. CBD can be present in 0-95% of total cannabinoids present, though when in slightly equal partitions to Delta-9, a pleasant high can be produced.
Chemical Name: 2-((1S,6S)-3-methyl-6-(prop-1-en-2-yl) cyclohex-2-enyl)-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
Chemical Formula: C21H30O2
Molecular Mass: 314.46 g/mol
Melting Point: 66 – 67’C
4. Cannabinol – CBN. When THC oxidizes it produces CBN. Improperly stored THC will over time oxidize and become CBN. CBN is said to have 90% less phychoactivity compared to that of THC, though even so it is said to be a component of non-defined aspects of the high, and thus should not be referred as a waste byproduct of THC degradation.
Chemical Name: 6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Chemical Formula: C21H26O2
Molecular mass: 310.43 g/mol
Melting Point: 76 - 77 ‘C
Boiling Point: 185 ‘C
5. Tetrahydrocannabivarin – THCV/THV; Considered to be highly psychotropic, it is found only in minor amounts in most species, however higher concentrations are reported in species considered to be highly potent. THV is part of the propyl cannabinoids group. THV is used as a marker compound when attempting to differentiate between the consumption of hemp and synthetic THC in urine-based drug tests.
Chemical Name: (6aS,10aS)-6,6,9-trimethyl-3 propyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol
Chemical Formula: C19H26O2
Molecular Mass: 286.41 g/mol
6. Cannabichromene – CB.C.; Previous studies have referred to CBD as being CB.C., due to limited understanding of the different cannabinoids. CB.C. shows up in low concentrations, and is not considered to be psychotropic in humans, but has been linked to adding to the high-effect. CB.C. will degrade when exposed to light, to CBL.
A complete list of cannabinoids is not at the present time possible, due to the limitations of access to data-reference sheets in reference to cannabinoids. Perhaps, in upcoming volumes of this book, a more complete list will be able to be generated.
It is easy to consider hemp as one of the earliest and most important cultivated plants for all human civilizations. Essentially every part of the plant is useable. From the stem, a very long, strong fiber used to make rope, cloth, and paper. The dried leaves, flowers and roots can be used for medical purposes or for rituals. Even the seeds can be used for food, and the oil extracted from the seeds can be used to make paint, varnish, fuel, and lubrication. Prized and Feared, Hemp is a component of our society, just as it was to civilizations of the past.
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Does anyone have more information about Tetrahydrocannabivarin? Is there a way to possibly test which strains have a higher THV content, if any at all?
