D
dve8
- 3
- 1
has anyone used a reptile light during bloom i heard it increases resin production any thoughts
J
JJP53
- 189
- 28
This is new info to me I want to know how it works and why?
Seamaiden
Living dead girl
- 23,596
- 638
Reptile lights provide UV (ultraviolent) radiation as well as Vitamin D radiation (reptiles are like humans and do better with the photosynthesized version of Vit D). Metal halide, CFL and fluorescent lighting will also do this, depending on type and color temperature to a greater or lesser degree. I also have some actinic tubes I keep meaning to experiment with, haven't gotten around to it just yet.
dextr0
- 1,665
- 163
http://www.herb.com/trichome.html
An elaboration on the phytochemical process that makes cannabis THC
The resin exuded by the glandular trichome forms a sphere that encases the head cells.
When the resin spheres are separated from the dried plant material by electrostatic attraction and placed on a microscope slide illuminated with a 100W incandescent bulb, they appear very dark when observed through a 300X microscope. Since orange, red, and infrared are the component wavelengths of incandescent light, and since the absorption of light makes an object dark or opaque to the frequency of the incoming wave, one can conclude that these wavelengths are probably not directly involved in energizing the cannabinoid pathway.
However, the resin sphere is transparent to ultraviolet radiation.
The author found through trial and error that only one glandular
trichome exhibits the phytochemical process that will produce the amount of THC associated with pain relief, appetite stimulation and anti-nausea; euphoria and hallucinations are side-effects, however. This trichome is triggered into growth by either of the two ways that the floral bract is turned into fruit.
Of all the ways that optics are involved in the phytochemical production of THC, the most interesting has to be how the head cells and cannabinoid molecules are tremendously magnified by the resin sphere. These and other facts are curiously absent from the literature. The footnotes update the literature to include electrostatic separation of the resin sphere from the dried plant material and cannabis parthenocarpy.
(1) "For all spheres, a ray drawn perpendicular to the sphere's surface will intersect the center of the sphere, no matter what spot on the surface is picked, and the magnifying power(a) of a glass sphere is greater the smaller its size. A sphere of glass can also bring light that is heading to a focus behind it to a point within it, with freedom from two aberrations, spherial aberration and coma, but not from chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration results when different wavelengths are focused on different planes and is the most difficult of the aberrations to correct. The human eye lens also exhibits chromatic aberration, but a yellow pigment(b) called the macula lutea in the fovea, an area at the rear of the eyeball, corrects this problem by the way it absorbs blue light."
(a)"The formula to calculate the magnifying power of a sphere is l=333/d, where l is the magnifying power and d is the diameter of the sphere expressed in mm."
(b)Interestingly, the resin exuded by drug-type flowering female cannabis plants has a yellow tint. Could this pigment work to correct chromatic aberration in the resin sphere like the macula lutea does in the fovea for the eyeball?
(2) Quoting from the Mahlberg and Kim study of hemp(a) "THC accumulated in abundance in the secretory cavity where it was associated with the following: cell walls, surface feature of secretory vesicles, fibrillar material released from disc cell wall, and cuticle. It was not associated with the content of the secretory vesicles."
The resin spheres contain the THC. It is not contained in the leaf or floral bract. After the resin spheres are dissolved in solvent or dislodged by electrostatic attraction, and a microscopic examination of the leaf or floral bract has revealed that only the glandular trichomes' stalks remain, no effect will be felt after smoking the dried plant material from which the resin spheres have been removed.
(3) The electrostatic collection of the resin spheres from dried cannabis plants with plenty of ripe seeds has been for hundreds of years the method indigenous people of North Africa and Lebanon have used to make hashish. Obtain a round metal can 8" or so in diameter x 3" or so in depth (the kind that cookies come in) with a smooth lid. Obtain 2 ounces of dried cannabis with plenty of ripe seeds in the tops. To remove the seeds and stems, sift the cannabis tops through a 10-hole-to-the-inch wire kitchen strainer into the can. Close the can with the lid and vigorously shake the closed can three or four times. This gives the resin spheres an excess negative charge. Let the can sit for a moment and then remove the lid. Opposites attract. The negative-charged resin spheres have been attracted to the metal surface of the can and lid which has a positive charge. Take a matchbook cover or credit card and draw the edge across the surface of the lid. Note the collected powder. Observed under 300X magnification, the collected powder from this "shake" is composed of resin spheres with an occasional non-glandular trichome. As the cannabis is shaken again and again, and more of the yellow resin spheres are removed from the plant material, the collected powder gradually becomes green-colored as the number of non-glandular trichomes increases in the collected powder. The greener the powder, the less the effect.
(4) "Cannabinoids represent a dimer consisting of a terpene and a phenol component. Cannabigerol (CBG) is the first component of the pathway. It undergoes chemical change to form either cannabichromene (CBC), or cannabidiol (CBD). Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is derived from CBD."
(5) "Pate (1983) indicated that in areas of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, the UVB (280-320 nm) absorption properties of THC may have conferred an evolutionary advantage to Cannabis capable of greater production of this compound from biogenetic precursor CBD. The extent to which this production is also influenced by environmental UVB has also been experimentally determined by Lydon et al. (1987)."
The writer's own experience allow for a more specific conclusion: If the UVB photon is missing from the light stream(a), or the intensity as expressed in µW/cm2 falls below a certain level(b), the phytochemical process will not be completely energized with only UVA photons which are more penetrating but less energetic, and the harvested resin spheres will have mostly precursor compounds and not fully realized THC(c).
(a)Examples of an environment where the UVB photon would be missing from the light stream include all indoor cultivation illuminated by HID bulbs and in glass or corrugated fiberglass covered greenhouses.
(b)"The maximum UVB irradiance near the equator (solar elevation angle less than 25 deg.) under clear, sunny skies is about 250 µW/cm2. It was observed that the daily solar UVB in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (N24.4Lat.) decreased from September to December by about 40% (Hannan et al. 1984). The further a person is from the tropics, the less UVB radiation there is: the average annual exposure of a person living in Hawaii is approximately four times that of someone living in northern Europe." Below are some UVB readings taken in Hoyleton, Illinois, on a clear sunny day in June by David Krughoff as reported in Reptile Lighting 2000.
7am: 12 microwatts/cm2
8am: 74 microwatts/cm2
9am: 142 microwatts/cm2
10am: 192 microwatts/cm2
11am: 233 microwatts/cm2
12pm: 256 microwatts/cm2
1pm: 269 microwatts/cm2
2pm: 262 microwatts/cm2
3pm: 239 microwatts/cm2
4pm: 187 microwatts/cm2
5pm: 131 microwatts/cm2
6pm: 61 microwatts/cm2
(c)Cannabinoid pathway: Anywhere in this pathway UVB does a better job than UVA in energizing a phytochemical reaction that will produce more fully realized THC because "all cannabinolic compounds show an absorption maximum between 270 and 280 nm in the ultraviolet region."
(6) Capitate-stalked glandular trichome.
(7) #1: The ovum has been fertilized and there is a seed developing: In the areas of the Northern Hemisphere where indigenous people have grown heterozygous drug-type cannabis for hundreds of years, pollination is used to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome on the floral bract and concomitant leaves of the flowering females before the autumnal equinox(a) so the majority of seeds will be ripe(b) before November.
(7) #2: The floral bract has become parthenocarpic: Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilization and have no seeds. Except for transmutation and turning lead into gold, there has been more nonsense written about seedless cannabis than on any other subject. In cannabisparthenocarpy, the floral bract (the fruit) enlarges in size as though there were a seed growing inside, and the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth on the floral bract and concomitant leaves. "Most popular supermarket tomatoes are parthenocarpic which was induced artificially by the application of dilute hormone sprays (such as auxins) to the flowers." In a trial, cannabis parthenocarpy was not induced by the application of the spray used on tomatoes. Only the photoperiod(c) will trigger parthenocarpy in flowering female cannabis plants. Cannabis parthenocarpy occurring before the autumnal equinox is considered by the author to be "long-day" and cannabis parthenocarpy occurring after the autumnal equinox to be "short-day".
The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering homozygous(d) Indica female cannabis plants is 13:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes. This effect can be obtained in the month of August at N35Lat, and because the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes received plenty of UVB during this month at this latitude, the harvested resin spheres had fully realized THC. Rating: euphoria and hallucinations, major appetite boost and pain relief, deep dreamless sleep. These plants seldom grow taller than four feet but potency makes up for the reduced harvest.
The gene pool is heterozygous if a flowering female cannabis plant is not parthenocarpic by the end of the first week in September in the Northern Hemisphere. If this is the case, pollination is used instead of parthenocarpy to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome before the autumnal equinox to obtain as much fully realized THC as possible in the harvested resin spheres by the time the majority of the seeds are ripe.
The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering heterozygous female cannabis plants is 11:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes: This effect can be obtained in the month of November at N35Lat. Because of the low intensity of UVB radiation at this latitude at sea level during November, the harvested resin spheres evidenced only slightly more THC than precursor compounds. Rating: mild to medium euphoria, appetite boost and pain relief, good snooze.
Thai cannabis falls into this 11:00 hour category, and its parthenocarpy is characterized by an inflorescence in which many floral bracts are attached to an elongated meristem. It is these elongated meristems that are harvested to become a THAI STICK. On the other side of the world, Mexican cannabis grown around the same latitudes (Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca) also falls into this short-day parthenocarpic category and the unfertilized cannabis will become "sensimilla" in the 11:00 hour photoperiod which begins in mid-December in that region. The winter sunshine in those latitudes has enough UVB intensity to produce fully realized THC--unlike the winter sunshine at N35Lat.
All unfertilized flowering female cannabis plants will become parthenocarpic in a 9:00 hour photoperiod (15:00 hour dark period): This can be obtained in the month of December at N35Lat. At this latitude in this month there is not even enough UVB in sunlight for precursor vitamin D3 to develop in human skin. The phytochemical process will not produce fully realized THC when UVB falls below a certain level of intensity expressed in µW/cm2. Rating: no effect.
(a)In the Northern Hemisphere above the Tropic of Cancer, the key to all cannabis potency is this: The more days of sunlight the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes' resin spheres accumulate before the autumnal equinox the more fully realized THC.
(b)It is recognized in the indigenous world that drug-type cannabis with a majority of ripe seeds will produce more euphoria, hallucinations, appetite stimulation, pain relief, and sleep aid than with a majority of unripe seeds.
(c)The photoperiodic response is controlled by phytochrome. "Phytochrome is a blue pigment in the leaves and seeds of plants and is found in 2 forms. One form is a blue form(Pfr), which absorbs red light, and the other is a blue-green form(Pr) that absorbs far-red light. Solar energy has 10X more red (660nm) than far-red (730nm) light causing the accumulation of Pfr." The first and last hour of a day's sunlight is mostly red light because of the scattering effect on blue light. "So at the onset of the dark period much of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form. However, Pfr is unstable and returns to phytochrome Pr in the dark." The red light in sunrise returns the Pr to the Pfr form. "Phytochrome Pfr is the active form and controls flowering and germination. It inhibits flowering of short-day plants (the long night period is required for the conversion of Pfr to Pr) and promotes flowering of long day plants."
(d)In Nepal and nearby areas of India where the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth by parthenocarpy rather than by fertilized ovum, great care is taken to make sure that all male cannabis plants are destroyed as soon as they reveal their sex. This is because unfertilized Indica flowering females can have both stigma and anther protruding from the floral bract. In the Indica gene pool, female-produced pollen carries an allele for long-day parthenocarpy, and seeds resulting from this female-produced pollen will produce another generation of female plants that will also exhibit long-day parthenocarpy during flowering. But if pollen from male plants is introduced into this gene pool, the resulting seeds will produce a generation of females that will exhibit short-day parthenocarpy instead. The allele for long-day parthenocarpy in the female-produced pollen is carried into the gene pool by self-pollination and cross-pollination, and perhaps homozygous is used too loosely here to describe the genetic result.
(8) It appears that the resin sphere acts as an UVB receptor and magnifying lens. The latter apparently lets it gather in a lot more photons than would otherwise be possible; because a lens also acts as a prism, the resin sphere may prevent some wavelengths from being focused where the phytochemical processes are taking place because they could interfere with the phytochemical process that makes THC.
Reptile Lamps...
http://www.uvguide.co.uk/phototherapyphosphor-tests.htm
What is different about these lamps?
It was difficult, at first, to understand the reason for the specific problems with these particular lamps.
Total UVB output at the manufacturer's recommended basking distances
Fig. 1. ZooMed Reptisun Compact LampsThe ZooMed Reptisun 10.0 Compact Lamp is described as " ideal for all desert and basking reptiles" and the 5.0 Compact Lamp as "ideal for all tropical basking reptiles". No information is available on the box or on the ZooMed website regarding any recommended basking distances. ZooMed are now including a comprehensive information sheet in the packaging of all new stock, but this was not inside any of the new boxes we obtained back in April. Hence it seemed, at first, that maybe the lamps were just being placed too close. However, we measured the output of their lamps with a broadband UVB meter (Solarmeter 6.2) and found total UVB levels not unlike those found in natural sunlight, at distances which caused eye problems in reptiles. For example, a brand new ZooMed Reptisun 10.0 Compact Lamp gave a reading of 306 µW/cm² at 6 inches. Reptiles have been recorded basking and foraging in sunlight in the wild at similar levels (up to 322 µW/cm²). The reading at 10 inches was 121 µW/cm².
Fig. 2. Big Apple Herpetological Mystic tubeFig. 3. Big Apple Herpetological Mystic Compact LampThe Big Apple Herpetological Mystic lamps are claimed to be "Rated #1 most powerful UVB emitting fluorescent reptile light" and to "produce as much UVB as the highest quality UVB mercury vapor bulbs".
The manufacturers recommend a minimum basking distance of 10 inches if used without a screen between lamp and reptile. We recorded total UVB levels from a brand new Mystic Compact Lamp as 128 µW/cm² at 10 inches, and from a brand new Mystic 24" linear tube as 142 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
The new R-Zilla Desert 50 Series are described as "ideal for these desert-dwelling reptiles: African fat-tailed gecko, leopard geckos, Schneider's skinks, bearded dragons, nile monitors, tegus, blue-tongue skinks, red- footed tortoises, uromastyx, emerald swifts and savannah monitors".
Fig. 4. R-Zilla Desert Series 50 T8 tubeFig. 5. R-Zilla Desert Series 50 T5 fixture and tubeNo minimum basking distance is specified regarding the T8-size linear tube. We recorded total UVB levels from a 15 watt tube that had been burned-in for 150 hours as 69 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
Included with the T5-size "Low Profile Single Bulb Fixture" (a tube inside a ballasted fixture complete with a UVB-transmitting acrylic cover sleeve) is a detailed instruction sheet stating that the lamp unit is "for use over covered terrariums only" - presumably the cover would be a screen. The recommended tank sizes are all of maximum height 12 inches, so this is presumably the suggested maximum distance from the reptile; a minimum distance is not specified. We recorded total UVB levels from a brand new T5-size "Low Profile Single Bulb Fixture" with its acrylic sleeve in place, as 137 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
None of those are pushing what u need. Philips TL 12 does. U want 250 µW/cm2 suplimented for 4 to 6 hrs in late flower. U need a Solarmeter 6.2 to test with tho.
Thanx to Nirrity and Gojo for learning and hipping me to this long ago.
An elaboration on the phytochemical process that makes cannabis THC
The resin exuded by the glandular trichome forms a sphere that encases the head cells.
When the resin spheres are separated from the dried plant material by electrostatic attraction and placed on a microscope slide illuminated with a 100W incandescent bulb, they appear very dark when observed through a 300X microscope. Since orange, red, and infrared are the component wavelengths of incandescent light, and since the absorption of light makes an object dark or opaque to the frequency of the incoming wave, one can conclude that these wavelengths are probably not directly involved in energizing the cannabinoid pathway.
However, the resin sphere is transparent to ultraviolet radiation.
The author found through trial and error that only one glandular
trichome exhibits the phytochemical process that will produce the amount of THC associated with pain relief, appetite stimulation and anti-nausea; euphoria and hallucinations are side-effects, however. This trichome is triggered into growth by either of the two ways that the floral bract is turned into fruit.
Of all the ways that optics are involved in the phytochemical production of THC, the most interesting has to be how the head cells and cannabinoid molecules are tremendously magnified by the resin sphere. These and other facts are curiously absent from the literature. The footnotes update the literature to include electrostatic separation of the resin sphere from the dried plant material and cannabis parthenocarpy.
(1) "For all spheres, a ray drawn perpendicular to the sphere's surface will intersect the center of the sphere, no matter what spot on the surface is picked, and the magnifying power(a) of a glass sphere is greater the smaller its size. A sphere of glass can also bring light that is heading to a focus behind it to a point within it, with freedom from two aberrations, spherial aberration and coma, but not from chromatic aberration. Chromatic aberration results when different wavelengths are focused on different planes and is the most difficult of the aberrations to correct. The human eye lens also exhibits chromatic aberration, but a yellow pigment(b) called the macula lutea in the fovea, an area at the rear of the eyeball, corrects this problem by the way it absorbs blue light."
(a)"The formula to calculate the magnifying power of a sphere is l=333/d, where l is the magnifying power and d is the diameter of the sphere expressed in mm."
(b)Interestingly, the resin exuded by drug-type flowering female cannabis plants has a yellow tint. Could this pigment work to correct chromatic aberration in the resin sphere like the macula lutea does in the fovea for the eyeball?
(2) Quoting from the Mahlberg and Kim study of hemp(a) "THC accumulated in abundance in the secretory cavity where it was associated with the following: cell walls, surface feature of secretory vesicles, fibrillar material released from disc cell wall, and cuticle. It was not associated with the content of the secretory vesicles."
The resin spheres contain the THC. It is not contained in the leaf or floral bract. After the resin spheres are dissolved in solvent or dislodged by electrostatic attraction, and a microscopic examination of the leaf or floral bract has revealed that only the glandular trichomes' stalks remain, no effect will be felt after smoking the dried plant material from which the resin spheres have been removed.
(3) The electrostatic collection of the resin spheres from dried cannabis plants with plenty of ripe seeds has been for hundreds of years the method indigenous people of North Africa and Lebanon have used to make hashish. Obtain a round metal can 8" or so in diameter x 3" or so in depth (the kind that cookies come in) with a smooth lid. Obtain 2 ounces of dried cannabis with plenty of ripe seeds in the tops. To remove the seeds and stems, sift the cannabis tops through a 10-hole-to-the-inch wire kitchen strainer into the can. Close the can with the lid and vigorously shake the closed can three or four times. This gives the resin spheres an excess negative charge. Let the can sit for a moment and then remove the lid. Opposites attract. The negative-charged resin spheres have been attracted to the metal surface of the can and lid which has a positive charge. Take a matchbook cover or credit card and draw the edge across the surface of the lid. Note the collected powder. Observed under 300X magnification, the collected powder from this "shake" is composed of resin spheres with an occasional non-glandular trichome. As the cannabis is shaken again and again, and more of the yellow resin spheres are removed from the plant material, the collected powder gradually becomes green-colored as the number of non-glandular trichomes increases in the collected powder. The greener the powder, the less the effect.
(4) "Cannabinoids represent a dimer consisting of a terpene and a phenol component. Cannabigerol (CBG) is the first component of the pathway. It undergoes chemical change to form either cannabichromene (CBC), or cannabidiol (CBD). Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is derived from CBD."
(5) "Pate (1983) indicated that in areas of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, the UVB (280-320 nm) absorption properties of THC may have conferred an evolutionary advantage to Cannabis capable of greater production of this compound from biogenetic precursor CBD. The extent to which this production is also influenced by environmental UVB has also been experimentally determined by Lydon et al. (1987)."
The writer's own experience allow for a more specific conclusion: If the UVB photon is missing from the light stream(a), or the intensity as expressed in µW/cm2 falls below a certain level(b), the phytochemical process will not be completely energized with only UVA photons which are more penetrating but less energetic, and the harvested resin spheres will have mostly precursor compounds and not fully realized THC(c).
(a)Examples of an environment where the UVB photon would be missing from the light stream include all indoor cultivation illuminated by HID bulbs and in glass or corrugated fiberglass covered greenhouses.
(b)"The maximum UVB irradiance near the equator (solar elevation angle less than 25 deg.) under clear, sunny skies is about 250 µW/cm2. It was observed that the daily solar UVB in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (N24.4Lat.) decreased from September to December by about 40% (Hannan et al. 1984). The further a person is from the tropics, the less UVB radiation there is: the average annual exposure of a person living in Hawaii is approximately four times that of someone living in northern Europe." Below are some UVB readings taken in Hoyleton, Illinois, on a clear sunny day in June by David Krughoff as reported in Reptile Lighting 2000.
7am: 12 microwatts/cm2
8am: 74 microwatts/cm2
9am: 142 microwatts/cm2
10am: 192 microwatts/cm2
11am: 233 microwatts/cm2
12pm: 256 microwatts/cm2
1pm: 269 microwatts/cm2
2pm: 262 microwatts/cm2
3pm: 239 microwatts/cm2
4pm: 187 microwatts/cm2
5pm: 131 microwatts/cm2
6pm: 61 microwatts/cm2
(c)Cannabinoid pathway: Anywhere in this pathway UVB does a better job than UVA in energizing a phytochemical reaction that will produce more fully realized THC because "all cannabinolic compounds show an absorption maximum between 270 and 280 nm in the ultraviolet region."
(6) Capitate-stalked glandular trichome.
(7) #1: The ovum has been fertilized and there is a seed developing: In the areas of the Northern Hemisphere where indigenous people have grown heterozygous drug-type cannabis for hundreds of years, pollination is used to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome on the floral bract and concomitant leaves of the flowering females before the autumnal equinox(a) so the majority of seeds will be ripe(b) before November.
(7) #2: The floral bract has become parthenocarpic: Parthenocarpic fruits develop without fertilization and have no seeds. Except for transmutation and turning lead into gold, there has been more nonsense written about seedless cannabis than on any other subject. In cannabisparthenocarpy, the floral bract (the fruit) enlarges in size as though there were a seed growing inside, and the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth on the floral bract and concomitant leaves. "Most popular supermarket tomatoes are parthenocarpic which was induced artificially by the application of dilute hormone sprays (such as auxins) to the flowers." In a trial, cannabis parthenocarpy was not induced by the application of the spray used on tomatoes. Only the photoperiod(c) will trigger parthenocarpy in flowering female cannabis plants. Cannabis parthenocarpy occurring before the autumnal equinox is considered by the author to be "long-day" and cannabis parthenocarpy occurring after the autumnal equinox to be "short-day".
The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering homozygous(d) Indica female cannabis plants is 13:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes. This effect can be obtained in the month of August at N35Lat, and because the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes received plenty of UVB during this month at this latitude, the harvested resin spheres had fully realized THC. Rating: euphoria and hallucinations, major appetite boost and pain relief, deep dreamless sleep. These plants seldom grow taller than four feet but potency makes up for the reduced harvest.
The gene pool is heterozygous if a flowering female cannabis plant is not parthenocarpic by the end of the first week in September in the Northern Hemisphere. If this is the case, pollination is used instead of parthenocarpy to trigger the growth of the capitate-stalked glandular trichome before the autumnal equinox to obtain as much fully realized THC as possible in the harvested resin spheres by the time the majority of the seeds are ripe.
The longest photoperiod that will trigger parthenocarpy in unfertilized flowering heterozygous female cannabis plants is 11:00 hours, give or take 15 minutes: This effect can be obtained in the month of November at N35Lat. Because of the low intensity of UVB radiation at this latitude at sea level during November, the harvested resin spheres evidenced only slightly more THC than precursor compounds. Rating: mild to medium euphoria, appetite boost and pain relief, good snooze.
Thai cannabis falls into this 11:00 hour category, and its parthenocarpy is characterized by an inflorescence in which many floral bracts are attached to an elongated meristem. It is these elongated meristems that are harvested to become a THAI STICK. On the other side of the world, Mexican cannabis grown around the same latitudes (Michoacan, Guerrero, Oaxaca) also falls into this short-day parthenocarpic category and the unfertilized cannabis will become "sensimilla" in the 11:00 hour photoperiod which begins in mid-December in that region. The winter sunshine in those latitudes has enough UVB intensity to produce fully realized THC--unlike the winter sunshine at N35Lat.
All unfertilized flowering female cannabis plants will become parthenocarpic in a 9:00 hour photoperiod (15:00 hour dark period): This can be obtained in the month of December at N35Lat. At this latitude in this month there is not even enough UVB in sunlight for precursor vitamin D3 to develop in human skin. The phytochemical process will not produce fully realized THC when UVB falls below a certain level of intensity expressed in µW/cm2. Rating: no effect.
(a)In the Northern Hemisphere above the Tropic of Cancer, the key to all cannabis potency is this: The more days of sunlight the capitate-stalked glandular trichomes' resin spheres accumulate before the autumnal equinox the more fully realized THC.
(b)It is recognized in the indigenous world that drug-type cannabis with a majority of ripe seeds will produce more euphoria, hallucinations, appetite stimulation, pain relief, and sleep aid than with a majority of unripe seeds.
(c)The photoperiodic response is controlled by phytochrome. "Phytochrome is a blue pigment in the leaves and seeds of plants and is found in 2 forms. One form is a blue form(Pfr), which absorbs red light, and the other is a blue-green form(Pr) that absorbs far-red light. Solar energy has 10X more red (660nm) than far-red (730nm) light causing the accumulation of Pfr." The first and last hour of a day's sunlight is mostly red light because of the scattering effect on blue light. "So at the onset of the dark period much of the phytochrome is in the Pfr form. However, Pfr is unstable and returns to phytochrome Pr in the dark." The red light in sunrise returns the Pr to the Pfr form. "Phytochrome Pfr is the active form and controls flowering and germination. It inhibits flowering of short-day plants (the long night period is required for the conversion of Pfr to Pr) and promotes flowering of long day plants."
(d)In Nepal and nearby areas of India where the capitate-stalked glandular trichome is triggered into growth by parthenocarpy rather than by fertilized ovum, great care is taken to make sure that all male cannabis plants are destroyed as soon as they reveal their sex. This is because unfertilized Indica flowering females can have both stigma and anther protruding from the floral bract. In the Indica gene pool, female-produced pollen carries an allele for long-day parthenocarpy, and seeds resulting from this female-produced pollen will produce another generation of female plants that will also exhibit long-day parthenocarpy during flowering. But if pollen from male plants is introduced into this gene pool, the resulting seeds will produce a generation of females that will exhibit short-day parthenocarpy instead. The allele for long-day parthenocarpy in the female-produced pollen is carried into the gene pool by self-pollination and cross-pollination, and perhaps homozygous is used too loosely here to describe the genetic result.
(8) It appears that the resin sphere acts as an UVB receptor and magnifying lens. The latter apparently lets it gather in a lot more photons than would otherwise be possible; because a lens also acts as a prism, the resin sphere may prevent some wavelengths from being focused where the phytochemical processes are taking place because they could interfere with the phytochemical process that makes THC.
Reptile Lamps...
http://www.uvguide.co.uk/phototherapyphosphor-tests.htm
What is different about these lamps?
It was difficult, at first, to understand the reason for the specific problems with these particular lamps.
Total UVB output at the manufacturer's recommended basking distances
Fig. 1. ZooMed Reptisun Compact LampsThe ZooMed Reptisun 10.0 Compact Lamp is described as " ideal for all desert and basking reptiles" and the 5.0 Compact Lamp as "ideal for all tropical basking reptiles". No information is available on the box or on the ZooMed website regarding any recommended basking distances. ZooMed are now including a comprehensive information sheet in the packaging of all new stock, but this was not inside any of the new boxes we obtained back in April. Hence it seemed, at first, that maybe the lamps were just being placed too close. However, we measured the output of their lamps with a broadband UVB meter (Solarmeter 6.2) and found total UVB levels not unlike those found in natural sunlight, at distances which caused eye problems in reptiles. For example, a brand new ZooMed Reptisun 10.0 Compact Lamp gave a reading of 306 µW/cm² at 6 inches. Reptiles have been recorded basking and foraging in sunlight in the wild at similar levels (up to 322 µW/cm²). The reading at 10 inches was 121 µW/cm².
Fig. 2. Big Apple Herpetological Mystic tubeFig. 3. Big Apple Herpetological Mystic Compact LampThe Big Apple Herpetological Mystic lamps are claimed to be "Rated #1 most powerful UVB emitting fluorescent reptile light" and to "produce as much UVB as the highest quality UVB mercury vapor bulbs".
The manufacturers recommend a minimum basking distance of 10 inches if used without a screen between lamp and reptile. We recorded total UVB levels from a brand new Mystic Compact Lamp as 128 µW/cm² at 10 inches, and from a brand new Mystic 24" linear tube as 142 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
The new R-Zilla Desert 50 Series are described as "ideal for these desert-dwelling reptiles: African fat-tailed gecko, leopard geckos, Schneider's skinks, bearded dragons, nile monitors, tegus, blue-tongue skinks, red- footed tortoises, uromastyx, emerald swifts and savannah monitors".
Fig. 4. R-Zilla Desert Series 50 T8 tubeFig. 5. R-Zilla Desert Series 50 T5 fixture and tubeNo minimum basking distance is specified regarding the T8-size linear tube. We recorded total UVB levels from a 15 watt tube that had been burned-in for 150 hours as 69 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
Included with the T5-size "Low Profile Single Bulb Fixture" (a tube inside a ballasted fixture complete with a UVB-transmitting acrylic cover sleeve) is a detailed instruction sheet stating that the lamp unit is "for use over covered terrariums only" - presumably the cover would be a screen. The recommended tank sizes are all of maximum height 12 inches, so this is presumably the suggested maximum distance from the reptile; a minimum distance is not specified. We recorded total UVB levels from a brand new T5-size "Low Profile Single Bulb Fixture" with its acrylic sleeve in place, as 137 µW/cm² at 10 inches.
None of those are pushing what u need. Philips TL 12 does. U want 250 µW/cm2 suplimented for 4 to 6 hrs in late flower. U need a Solarmeter 6.2 to test with tho.
Thanx to Nirrity and Gojo for learning and hipping me to this long ago.
O
ookiimata
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I'll have to come back and read all that info later, dextr0. But interesting. I've read a little about UV supplementation and from skimming what you posted I see some stuff I've read before. But all the real-world cannabis results I've read seemed to suggest the addition is negligible. Maybe they were using the wrong light, as you discuss above.
dextr0
- 1,665
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^^Ill fill u in if u have questions, well if i can.
Im just sayin, if we are gonna experiment we should get it right.
Im just sayin, if we are gonna experiment we should get it right.
D
dve8
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thanks dextr0 very informative it sounds thats with my small grow that the benefits are not worth the trouble i grow in bc northern lights bloom box again thanks everyone for the info
D
dve8
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thanks any info on l.e.d. s small closet 5x 4 to bloom i do not want any heat issues
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