Here are two to check out:
http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v88/n2/full/6800016a.html
It gets a bit complicated since cannabis is a genotypically intersex species. It is also important to differentiate between environmental influences when the seeds form (which do appear to influence sex ratios) and environmental influences when the plant is growing (which do not appear to influence sex ratios.)
Charles Xavier has a really good answer to this question on another thread:
"Sexual determination is genotypic. That means it is written in the genetic code of the organism. Whether it is 'male' or 'female' is predetermined.
Sexual expression is phenotypic. That means all the traits possessed by an organism that can be visually observed; but it also encompasses all the traits that can be made to manifest by manipulation or stimuli. Whether it appears to be 'male' or 'female' is condition dependent.
The environment does not "trigger the sex gene". The sex of the plant is already fixed. The environment influences expression i.e. causes certain chemical processes in the plant that may cause it to look differently.
The genetic code (genotype) remains intact, but what can be visually assessed is influenced by the environment (phenotype).
Here's the deal: ordinarily the environment shouldn't have such a profound effect on a seed, but irrespective of what they appear to be phenotypically, most Cannabis plants are genotypically intersex specimens (colloquially referred to as hermies).
That's just the way it is.
Sincerely,
Charles."
Or in other words, sex is determined by genetics, period. Environment simply does not influence genetics except in extreme examples.