For the most part, yes. If you add the straight pH adjuster then it's going to kill what it touches in its undiluted form. But if it's mixed into the water column, or for example mixed into a smaller part of water and then added, it should be fine. I base this on my experience with fish, because if pH adjusters did kill microbes ipso facto, most everyone with a tank would be starting from scratch (establishing their biological filtration--NO aquarium goes without it) every time they adjusted system pH.
So let's say you've made a 30gal batch of tea, and you know that it's holding steady at 7.4, and you know that you have to use a certain amount of pH down (acid) to shift it down and keep it there. You would take out say a gallon or two of the tea, add your pH adjuster, then slowly mix it back in.
OR, you can adjust pH prior to adding the microbes and avoid all that other stuff. Once the water column is pH'd you should be just fine.