Till you come home and your tent is melted or your house is on fire because they malfunctioned.
Buyer beware not all heaters are created equal.
The two things I would never cheap out on for any indoor horticulture operation are heating mats and lights. Ive seen horror stories of non- UL listed mats and lights that were poorly wired.
I hate to be a downer but I always have to look at things from a risk/reward scenario. The rewards of using todays lines of horticulture heating mats in your own home without buffers for plants is not worth the risk to me.
If your going to use le cheapo non UL listed mat make sure to only use clay pots that cant burn and also have tile or glass or concrete (something non-meltable/flammable) that can buffer heat when needed underneath. Most "UL certified""MET certified heat mats are not UL-listed and will create uneven patches of heat that can change depending on how things are put on them and how they are oriented. You will find many horror stories and pictures of them burning through the plastic cover as well as furniture they are in contact with. UL certified and UL listed are two totally different things.
PS. As far as Im aware there are only like two true UL listed heat mat brands. Most heat mats do not meet the stringent criteria to be UL listed and thus are not safe enough for me to consider in my home. Personally, I trust a generic non UL listed aquarium heaters more than I trust a generic non UL- listed horticulture heating mat.
Id much rather get a cheapo glass fish tank with a aquarium heater, old style thermometer and small air pump. I also would imagine for young seedlings and the like that for fitting floating seedling trays would work insanely well inside the aquarium and could also suffice as a no frills hydroponic seedling starter if you arent afraid of some water based-algae. Granted, depending on the temp you want it set at you could end up with some serious humidity issues inside your tent which come with its own batch of problems but... it beats coming home to your house on fire or having to replace a burned/melted tent/table/wooden floor etc. A
Idk, I come from the aquatic fish and plant hobby, Im a different breed than most people on here. Even with a water heater you can still have issues, but, atleast water acts as a time extender if your heater busts, you may nuke your fish/plants but you probably wont nuke your house. If the heater breaks and starts busting out heavy heat then the water obvi takes alot of time to evaporate buying you more time after the malfunction to come home and check your equipement. The same cant be said for a mat heater.
To each their own. My advice, if you own your own home, and your home is expensive , dont cheap out on anything to do with heat for your horticulture hobby or aquarium. Think things right and buy right the first time. If you go the mat route, get tiles or glass or a concrete slab (something that wont melt or catch fire essentially) for underneath and in between to be safe. Nuked pot plants are one thing, nuked rare exotic imported fish another, but nuking your home and mans best friend Fiddo/Skippy/Lassie or waking up to having to rush you and your kids out of a house at 3am cause daddy lit the basement on fire to get high, well thats the
MOAB right there ... thats a whole lot of time and effort that just went "Up in Smoke" and fire insurance will never pay you back in full for what was lost. Shit, come to think of it, they may not even cover a dime if they determine what started the fire was a heating device that wasnt UL- listed.
There is a reason aquarium heating companies love to show hobbysts their UL-listing and go out of their way financially to make something that can be UL listed.
Water, electric, and heat dont mix and these guys do not want to get sued or have the bad rap, they also have lightyears of research ahead of the indoor horticulture business. Ill take a 5 year old UL listed Eheim aqua heater and an aquarium and a pump with a floating seed tray or floating pot of some kind any day for controlled dispursion of heat over just a new bare heating mat with no layers of protection and inadequate dispersion.
You get more controllable heat with water circulating to even the temp, and IF things go wrong the water evaporation and glass buys you alot of time.
If you go the vegetable heating mat route like many here would prefer to do (as not everyone wants to deal with an aquarium taking space or water and humidty issue) idiot proof AND "made in china proof" your setup. Going cheap on heat is not worth your house, your pets, your kids, or your day in court with the insurance company.