I think the amount of defoliation whether to much or to little is usually noticed in the response of new plant growth.
I think the natural response from the plant after losing a bunch a leaves has nothing to do with yield or flower size etc, but to do with growing more shoots, branches, stretching etc to produce more leaves to replace the ones it lost, whether from wind, rains storms animals etc. I know there has been studies done that show or indicated that plants grow extra leaves in anticipation of losing some. question is how many leaves , when and what ones to remove.
For I found that to be about 20% any more then that and it negatively effects the plant, especially in veg and early flower, leaves are basically a sink or storage. taking to many puts to much extra strain on the plant to get resources from other area's or maybe just not enough., taking to many also effect photosynthesis, but again I seen studies that show plants have build in extra capacity , so they can lose a certain amount of leaves and not be affected.
I know I mentioned this before in messages with SSHZ but I don't generally remove any leaves in veg at all and one fairly heavily prune about 10 to 14 days in flower depending on strain. 1 because of HPS lighting, 2 I don't want to do anything in veg to cause slower growth or even stunted growth for a day or two, 3 no stress etc. I do one fairly heavy prune towards the end of stretch, that way I know what I have for a plant, lower stuff, up the middle and out the branches, after the prune I still expect to add another 3 to 5 bud sites on each branch. after that I slowly remove leaves here and there until end of flower, most of the leaves I remove are dying or covering a flower.
with hps lighting I'm generally not looking for any extra stretch etc in veg, bud sites etc. thats one reason I remove no leaves in veg, however with LED's it could benefit, If under LED's removing leaves cause the plant to stretch a bit, produce more branching bud sites etc thats probably a good thing and will lead to a bigger yield.
Some other things to consider, removing to many leaves from the top could expose to many shade leaves which will stunt growth, as leaves age they lose photosynthetic capacity.
With all that said, I think the type defoliation is specific to each grow and grower for the outcome wanted, However I don't think defoliation is directly related to yield , I think by removing the proper leaves at the right time and in the right amount will trigger the plant to add more growth, stretch, branches bud sites etc to replace the leaves, which could lead to a bigger yield. and by removing leaves that cover up flowers allow the plant to produce a better quality top to bottom .
one exception though was the gasm, I stripped that of leaves at about week 4 of flower and it didn't seem to even affect it, I wish I would have done a control with it though, So I already started my next clones of it. one will get a very heavy defoliation like I did this time and the other will get what I normally do and then I'll compare the 2 at the end of flower. I know all of my other strains that type of defoliation at week 4 would have messed them up, never effected the gasm that I could see. but the control next time will give me a better understanding if it did or didn't