The strain I tried it on was space cookies and I only did it to one plant in the room to see for myself what a real stripping would do. And I got buds that looked like yours that were full of tiny single blade leaves poking out. Unfortunately I dont have a pic as It was a couple years ago on a different phone. But It usually looks like this. Notice it still has some sugar leaves but you can clearly see the flowers, not just little leaves all over the bud.
Try it sometime and see for yourself, let a plant keep most of its leaves and see what happens.
View attachment 893363